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Fundamentals of Software Testing

Software testing is an integral part of the software development process. It involves the evaluation of software to ensure that it meets the specified requirements and is free of defects. Testing aims to identify any gaps, errors, or missing requirements in contrast to the actual requirements.

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)​

The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a process used by the software industry to design, develop, and test high-quality software. The SDLC aims to produce a high-quality software that meets or exceeds customer expectations, reaches completion within times and cost estimates.

Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)​

The Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC) refers to a sequence of specific actions conducted during the testing process to ensure software quality goals are met. The STLC starts with the planning phase and goes through stages such as preparation, execution, and closure of testing activities.

Types of Software Testing​

  • Black-Box Testing: Testing without knowing the internal workings of the application.
  • White-Box Testing: Testing with knowledge of the internal workings of the application.
  • Gray-Box Testing: A combination of black-box and white-box testing approaches.
  • Functional Testing: Testing the functions of the software against the requirements.
  • Non-Functional Testing: Testing the non-functional aspects such as performance, usability, reliability, etc.

Testing Levels​

  • Unit Testing: Testing individual units or components of a software.
  • Integration Testing: Testing combined parts of an application to determine if they function together correctly.
  • System Testing: Testing a complete and fully integrated software product.
  • Acceptance Testing: Testing the software by the client to determine if it can be accepted.

Testing Techniques​

  • Boundary Value Analysis: Testing the boundaries of input values.
  • Equivalence Partitioning: Dividing input data into equivalent partitions to reduce the total number of test cases.
  • Decision Table Testing: Using decision tables to test system behavior for different input combinations.

Software testing is a broad and complex field that requires careful planning, execution, and analysis to ensure that software products are reliable, functional, and meet the expectations of stakeholders.

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